AT A GLANCE
Why go?
Rising above Cathedral Square with its whitewashed octagonal tiers and a gleaming gilded dome, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest structure in the Moscow Kremlin and one of the defining silhouettes of the city's historic core. For five centuries it has been the visual and symbolic centre of the Kremlin ensemble-the belfry that served the great cathedrals, the watchtower that once warned Moscow of fire and invasion, and today a museum whose real exhibit is the tower itself.↗↗↗
A visit is a compact, rewarding experience: you climb a steep spiral of stairs through the tower's interior to an upper gallery, and in exchange you get a bird's-eye panorama over the Kremlin roofs, the Moscow River and the old capital-an outlook the poet Lermontov declared essential to understanding Moscow.↗↗
The Kremlin's Watchtower
The tower's story begins long before the present building. From 1329 a first stone bell tower stood on this spot, attached to the Church of St John Climacus-"Ivan of the Ladder"-erected in the era of Grand Duke Ivan Kalita; that saint's name is what still echoes in "Ivan the Great." During Ivan III's sweeping rebuild of the Kremlin, an Italian master, Bon Fryazin, raised a new, taller octagonal structure on the old foundations in 1505-1508, originally about 60 metres high with two belfry tiers.